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The Modernist Phase of African Poetry


The Modernist Phase
We have already said that the achievement of modem African poetry in the presence of indigenous traditions of poetry-making has not been linear. Thus the kind of experimentation under the influence of metropolitan writers like Eliot and Pound that we observe in the poetry of Okigbo can be compared to the experimentation already evident in the pioneering work of Senghor. The elaborate verse line that Senghor had borrowed from people like Claudel had enabled him to incorporate into his poetry the rhythms of the music of the Khalam. By the modernist phase, therefore, we are referring to the awareness, under the impact of early twentieth-century metropolitan practices, that poetry need not come in the conventional nineteenth-century garb of regular metre and rhyme.
This awareness led to the experimentation with oral material, such as the translation from Ewe dirges which abound in Kofi Awoonor’s poetry in the 1960s. A similar sense of liberation and experimentation can be seen behind the work of Okigbo, although he was strongly influenced by the imagist practices of Pound and Eliot. But even before the remarkable evidence of poems like “Path of Thunder”, it is clear that his familiarity with the myths, ceremonies and rituals of his people was transforming his idiom, if not his rhythms. In East Africa, experimentation took a more deliberate form very early in the work of someone like Okot p’Bitek, who started by collecting folk tales and songs in the vernacular.
Following these examples of songs, he composed his first original poetry in Acholi before translating them into English. Perhaps the outstanding characteristic of this phase of modern African poetry is in the poets self- conscious search for techniques from native traditions as a means of extending and authenticating their sensibility. The result of this search can be seen with varying degrees of success in the works of people like Soyinka, Awoonor, Kunene, Okigbo and Okai.

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