EDUCATIONAL COST AND EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL (ECEPSS)

EDUCATIONAL COST AND EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL (ECEPSS)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

     Education is an engine of growth rests on the quantity and quality of education in any country. The national policy on education in Nigeria (FGN,2014) explicitly stated that education is a government affair in which free education is to be provided by government at all level when and where practicable. Ibukun (2009) affirmed that no nation or society can rise above the quality of her education. It is a global assertation that education is the solid rock of national development.

          In most countries of the word, the cost of public secondary school education is a key factor that determine the standard and efficiency of education. Nevertheless, the cost per student varies from country to country, from school to school, even from discipline to discipline. However, its provision does not only depend on resources allocation, but also on the adequate planning and management of the resources that are predicated on the available fund (Aghenta, 2001; Adeyemi & Ajayi, 2006).         Educational cost is one of debatable issue in Nigeria educational system today, a country where so much importance is placed on academics qualification and the contribution of education to national development cannot be underestimated. Adewumi (2002),Ibukun(2003) and  Brock-Utne (2006) opined that investment in  education is an ingredient to human capacity building  such capacity  denoted the foundation needed to increase the efficiency of education. The extent at which education can perform its stated roles in Ondo State depend on efficiency of educational cost invested into the system.

       The Ondo state had accorded desired intention to secondary education in her yearly budget anticipating that what was invested would match up with quality of outputs from sub sector towards overall developments of the state. Aiyejunsile, Famade and Abass, (2006) noted that secondary school education seems to be consuming the largest share of the total money allocated for education in Ondo state. Consequently, several intervention programs of capacity building of teacher, procurement of text books, science equipment, constructions and renovations of classrooms, provisions of running grounds and establishment of quality Education Assurance Agency are being implemented to revamp the education sector for increase in the level of efficiency. 

           The increase in educational cost has resulted to greater awareness in quality of public secondary education that will show level of efficiency. As important as secondary education is to the government of a nation, increase in cost of education could made government’s expenditure to shoot up therefore, It is apparent that no government, parents or individual would cross his/her fingers and continue to watch the cost of education to be increasing without a good increase in efficiency level. The government and other stakeholders in education will want to know the efficiency of educational cost and a particular attention would been paid to Ondo State, Nigeria.      

Statement of the Problem 

In spite of educational cost on public secondary school education in Ondo State in which Education is the largest industry in the state, a good number of public secondary students repeat classes, drop out of the school or fail out in the final examinations in Senior School Certificate Examinations such students subsequently take to petty trading, farming political thugs, babysitting, street hawking and other vices during school hours. This called for urgent attention of all stakeholders  in Ondo State to see reasons despite all the finances made on education  in Ondo State there are wastages of educational cost on such repetition of classes, drop out and poor performances of students in their  final Senior School Certificate Examinations which lead to low efficiency. Consequently, there is need to measure the efficiency of educational cost in order to ascertain ultimate level of efficiency of secondary schools in the state. Knowledge of educational cost and efficiency public secondary school would guide policy makers in the state.     

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is to:

1. To determine the private cost in public secondary school, Ondo State Nigeria from 2011 to 2016.

2. To investigate the social cost in public secondary school, Ondo State Nigeria from 2011 to 2016.

3. To find out the level of efficiency public secondary school based on academics performance in Ondo State from 2011 to 2016.

4. To know how private cost influence the efficiency level of public secondary school in Ondo State 

5. To determine how social cost influence the efficiency level of public secondary school in Ondo State

6. To examine the relationship between educational cost and efficiency of public secondary schools in Ondo State Nigeria.

7. To find out the difference in the cost of Male and Female in Public Secondary School Ondo state Nigeria

    

   Research Questions 

             For the purpose of this research, answer would sought to the following questions:

1. What was the private cost on education in public secondary schools, Ondo State Nigeria from 2011 to 2016?

2.   What was the social cost on education in public secondary schools, Ondo State Nigeria from 2011 to 2016?

3. What is the level of efficiency of public secondary schools in ondo state between 2011 and 2016?

4. Does private cost influence the efficiency level of public secondary schools, Ondo State Nigeria?

5. Does social cost influence the efficiency level of public secondary schools, Ondo State Nigeria?

6. Is there any relationship between educational cost and the efficiency of public secondary schools in Ondo State Nigeria?

7. Is there any difference between the private cost of male and female students in Ondo state Nigeria?

8. Is there any difference between educational cost and efficiency of urban and rural Public Secondary Schools in Ondo State?

Research Hypotheses 

1. There is no significant relationship between educational cost and efficiency of public secondary schools in Ondo State

2. There is no significant relationship between private cost and efficiency of public secondary schools, Ondo State between 2011 and 2016

3. There is no significant relationship between social cost and efficiency of public secondary schools, Ondo State between 2011 and 2016

4.  There is no significant difference between the private cost of male and female in public secondary schools in Ondo State.

5. There is no significant difference between the private cost of rural and urban secondary schools students in Ondo State.

6. There is no significant difference between the educational cost and efficiency of rural and urban public secondary schools student in Ondo State. 

Significant of the Study 

The finding of this study will help to focus on how much the government is committing to education and it will help the government and educational managers in public sectors to know the factors affecting efficiency of educational cost. The study will insight to the parents on the role they should play towards the education of their children, the finding will help the government on how to allocate money into public secondary schools in Ondo State.

       It is hoped that the this study would help to guide the policy maker and educational managers to trace the caused and measures of minimizing students wastage, especially at the secondary level of our educational system and this study recommendation advanced would place the educational policy maker in Ondo State in a position to appreciate the problems of secondary and take necessary precaution in the future while making policy regarding financing secondary education.

Delimitation of the Study

This study is delimited to all senior secondary schools in Ondo State. The factors affecting educational cost  and efficiency of public secondary school is almost inexhaustible which generally stem from enrolment, parents education, government allocation to secondary education, family size, family wealth, location, private cost, social cost, human and physical resources to mention few. , However, this study focused on few variables such as enrolment, private cost, social cost, capital and human resources for investigation to analyze the external efficiency of public senior secondary schools in Ondo State from 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016 academic sessions. 

Operational Definition of Terms

       The terms in the study were operationally define for easy understanding.

 Educational Efficiency: This is the capacity of an educational system to turn out its product (students) out with minimum wastage.

Internal efficiency: This is the relationship between a system’s outputs (learning achievements) and the corresponding inputs that went into creating them.

External efficiency: This the ability of the system’s outputs to meet the needs and aspirations of the society or a particular community.

Educational cost: This refers to the cost as a measure of what a student’s/parents or government has to give up in order to educate an individual or a group of people.

Private Cost: this is the amount of money directly spent by individual or parents on education.

Social cost: This is the cost borne by the public through government.

Drop-Out Rate: This is the relationship between the number of students who cannot, or decide that they do not wish to pursue their studies beyond a particular class in an academic session and the total enrolment in that class in the same year.

Fail Out Rate: This refers to the percentage of the students that enrolled in the final class of the senior secondary school and on completion of the course that are not able to have five credits and above including English and mathematics in either WAEC/NECO Senior School Certificate Examinations.

Graduation Rate: This refer to the percentage of the students that enrolled in the final class of the senior secondary school and completion of the course that are able to Have five credits and above including English and Mathematics in either WAEC/NECO Senior School Certificate Examinations.

Input: This is the number of students originally enrolled into the first class of the particular education circle in a particular year.

Large School Size: In the context of this study, these are schools with population of 400 students and above.

Location: This implies place (urban/rural) where schools are situated.

Output: This refers to the percentage of the students that enroll in the final class of the Senior Secondary School and on completion of the course that are able to have five credits and above including English and Mathematics in either WAEC/NECO Senior School Certificate Examinations.

Public schools: These are school owned and founded by the government.

Repetition Rate: this is the relationship between the number of students repeating a particular class and total enrollment in the same class in a particular academic session expressed in percentage.

Resources: This is the sum total of everything used directly or indirectly for the purpose of education and training. There are human resources, material or physical resources and financial resources which are considered in this study.

Rural schools: These refer to schools located in the interior part of the state where these essential social facilities (hospitals, post office, good road networks, electricity, pipe borne water, bank and communication network) are lacking.

Secondary Education: Secondary education is the education children receive after primary and before tertiary education.

Senior Secondary School: This is used in this study to mean government and privately owned post basic institutions which offers three years senior secondary course.

Total Cost:  This is used in this study to mean the actual financial expenditures on secondary school education which include teaching and non-teaching staff salaries and allowances, expenditure on instructional books, equipment, stationeries, transport, inputted rent on educational buildings and maintenance cost.

Unit Cost: This is also known as Average Cost (AC). This is the division of the Total Cost (TC) or total expenditure by the number of students in the secondary education system. That is Unit Cost¬ = AC = TC/Q.

Urban School: In the context of this work, urban schools refers to school located in the city where many social facilities such as schools, hospitals, post office, good road networks, electricity, pipe borne water, bank and communication networks are available.

Wastage:  This describes the loss resulting from the failure of many students in their terminal examinations or from the inability or willingness of some, to complete their courses or frequent repetition of classes by others.

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to our Whatsapp 08061135915 OR bavicola13@gmail.com, edupedia17@gmail.com :

(1) Your project topics

(2)  Email Address

(3)  Payment Name

(4) Teller Number

We will send the DOWNLOAD LINK for your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: Bakare Victor Oladapo

Access Bank         0759882072

First Bank            3077844205

Skye Bank            3023641985

GT Bank               0262146570

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner.

CAUTION/WARNING

Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project.  Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.

That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.