APPRAISER OF INTERACTIVITY AS A TOOL IN A PROGRAMME SUSTAINABILITY” USING “AJAABALE” ON BREEZE 91.9 FM AS A STUDY.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
Interactivity is an exchange of ideas where both participants, whether human, machine or art form are active and can have an effect on one another with a dynamic two-way flow of information. Many forms of communication have become interactive with the rise of computers, the Internet, digital and mobile devices and these developments rapidly increased the opportunities for interactive communication across disciplines, mediums, social classes, cultures, locations, and even time.
Interactivity provide cordial relationship between the presenter and the audience of a programme and this help the communication between both to be effective with the aid of either immediate or delayed feedback. Interactivity has become vital tool in sustainability of a programme most especially it gives audience sense of belonging and increase their loyalty. Interactivity is a modern term that encompasses evolving forms of conversation. It is a primary characteristic of the present Information age which include basic dialogue and nonverbal communication, game-books, interactive fiction and storytelling, social media, interactive marketing and public relations. However, interactivity has been the major factor to be considered in broadcast programming to satisfying the audience of the programme. This research work is aim to find out how interactivity sustains broadcast programmes for the sake of its audience satisfaction and the researcher will focus on Ajaabale on breeze 91.9fm Akure.
1.2 Background to the Study
It is a known fact that communication of any sort sustains relationship, interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more people or objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction as opposed to a one-way casual effect. The continuous interaction between two or more people makes it possible for people to get together and be satisfied undoubtedly. No gain saying, if communication is one way, it will be boring and ineffective in arousing the interest of the other party. Thus, feedback is a necessary tool in determine or knowing how message is recurred, either positive or negative. In interpersonal communication; communication between two people, feedback is immediate, Daramola (2005). We can deduce that type of communication or the interaction that takes place between the two persons enable them to be more cohesive. feedback describes the situation when output from an event or phenomenon in the past will influence an occurrence of some events or phenomenon in the present or future.
Broadcast stations that make use of element of listener’s participation usually by broadcasting live conversation between the host and listeners who call in (usually via telephone) to the programme maximize audience interest.
In Nigeria radio started the audience participation when members of the audience are allowed to air their views about a particular issue of public interest, give a suggestion about a particular programme or critic a programme. In the course of interaction between the station and its audience, when feedback is received, (either positive or negative) the presenter, he or she will apply it to his or her own sphere of life, most especially the audience. To find the greatest level of success in an organization or relationship, a person or entity should learn how to accept any kind of feedback, analyze it in the most positive manner possible and use it to further impact future decision making.
In broadcasting media, (radio and television) the principle of interactivity is deep rooted in feedback which may be immediate or delayed depending on the medium. Feedback is immediate when it is in form of a phone-in programme whereby programme presenter hears and replies the audience immediately. This can be said to be an interaction between the stations audiences and the station itself. This action tends to guarantee audience loyalty to the programme and broadcasting station.
The feedback is delayed in the broadcasting media when the programme being broadcast by the station has been concluded; in the sense that, the audience views are received after the completion of the programme. This is done when the programme does not give room for live interaction between the presenter and the audience; but when signing out, the presenter leaves an avenue for members of the audience to send in their comments, either through mails or phone text message.
The interaction takes place between the audience and the station such that it enables the station to know how appreciative the audience are about the station, to do more to sustain the audience and impress the more.
Broadcast station in Nigeria have different programmes that employ the use of phone-in or text messages or both as a means of getting feedback from the audience. Some of the programmes include: BÓSEŃLO, this is an informative programme coupled with discussion between the presenter and guest inside the studio. The programme hit the airwaves every Wednesday by 1900hrs at SPLASH FM 105.5 Ibadan by Ajibola Akinyefa, the presenter. The programme adopted two different ways of interactivity. The first section is the question and answer between the presenter and the guest while the second session is the phone in by the audience of the programme in order to lend their voice either to ask questions or want to be clarified about the any of the response made by the guest during the course of the programme.
Another example is AROBA by Kolawole Ladoke on Splash FM 105.5 Ibadan. Aroba means narration meaning that when a young lad does not know the story, he or she will definitely have met the history. The programme adopts text messages as the method of interactivity between the presenter and its audience. AROBA is a programme that is being designed to give the history of various events in the past like civil war in Nigeria, Kano riot of 1953, struggle for independence, telling the audience about the life history of a fallen hero or heroine for example, Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikwe, Michael Ajasin among others. The presenter does ask question before the end of the programme about the previous edition of the programme so as for the presenter to know the loyalty of the audience to the programme, while the audience are expected to send-in their answers via text messages.
Taking a look at another example is Mojala, a paper review programme on Suncity 101.9 FM Ondo. The name is a Yoruba adage Bi ina ba jo loko, Mojala ni yoo sofofo which literarily translates to a convener of message to a person or groups of people who were not present at the venue of an incident. Mojala can be described as an accurate Reporter of daily happenings as recorded by daily newspapers around the country.
The presentation style is first of its kind in Ondo, Ekiti and its environs (observation of the broadcast stations in these regions for the last five years) as it features three presenters or newscasters reading the news in three different languages, Yoruba, Pidgin and English languages for the message to be well conveyed for both literate, average and illiterate listeners who are left with the option of choosing which language to listen to.
It is a-60- minutes programme between the hour of 6:30 to 7:30am, it is a two segment programme, 6:30 to 7:00am is for rendition by the three casters while the phone line opens from 7 to 7:30am for audience to lend their voice to issue of National interest, most time, such issues or topics are posted online and this serve as opportunity for the Internet users globally to participate and contribute to the topic being discussed.
Ajaabale is the programme of interest in this research work. Ajaabale is a paper review programme, it is the translation of the English Edition tagged Reporters Diary also a paper review programme of Breeze 91.9 FM
Its presentation style is dual in nature and it is designed to conveyed the news better to an average listener to keep them informed. It started as a 30-minute duration programme with different daily newspaper being touched to keep listeners informed.
However, it later became an hour programme with a phone in segment thereby making it audience participatory. The first segment is designed for News reading while the second segment gives room to listeners to call in and participate in National issues that are of interest.
The phone-in style is the first of its kind adopted as paper review style in Ondo state. the idea was conceived by the pioneer General Manager, Mr Jide ogunluyi while the programme runs from 9 to 10 am from Monday to Friday with a different topic for discussion.
Also at Fresh 105.9 FM Ibadan, a similar programme tagged Ajaabale goes on air every day from 8:30am to 10:00am to discuss various issues of national interest, while the presenter gives the audience participation a priority and this makes it to be the first of its kind in the whole Oyo state. For the sake of this study, this research project will focus on Ajaabale on breeze 91.9fm Akure, Ondo state.
1.2.1 Brief History of Interactivity
The word interactivity is a common talk, most often it is mentioned in connection with a revolution in television. Thus, viewers will not only be able to choose from an almost unlimited offer, they will also be able to determine the course and outcome of individual programmes. Proponents of these new opportunities are already praising interactivity as a means to change the passive reception of the viewer into an active one. Thus, it seems as if Bertolt Brecht's Radio Theory which he developed in the late twenties, is now to become reality. Brecht envisioned the transformation of broadcasting from a distribution machine into a communication device that offers listeners the opportunity to help create its content. And actually this development has been actively perused for years by groups such as the Ponton Media Art Lab, by persons such as Myron Krueger, and by the communication structure of the internet.
Interactivity is one of the central concepts of multimedia while cognitive psychologists have shown that all media (indeed, all experiences) are ‘interactive’ in that they demand the active participation of the recipient in processing and interpreting sensory stimuli. The study of this area of interaction also known as human factors, human-computer interface design began with the second generation of commercial computers in the 1960s – room-sized entities known as ‘mainframes’ made up of a collection of components assembled in a space.
During the 20th years when the command-line was still the dominant interface, several individuals were developing very different models of interactivity, laying the foundations for both the graphical user interface and the multi-dimensional interfaces that are likely to be a feature of consumer telemedia and the data superhighway. Probably the single most important contribution was that of Ivan Sutherland, whose revolutionary Sketchpad system effectively mapped out the future of interactive computer graphics.
Adams posit in 20th century that the exception in human cultural history has made the new technologies and the drastic shift to the consumption economy made passive media into mass-media. Audiences turned into listeners and viewers. Interactive forms of entertainment such as theater, concerts, public performances or sports were still there but their reach was limited and actually most people enjoyed them through television and radio. People might scream on front of their TV set, but the shaping presence mentioned by Adams would not be the same. These timeless forms of entertainment will never disappear and will keep being enjoyed by those looking for moments of “shaping” human-interaction. And today, as passive audiences are increasingly dispersed, storytellers are looking for more meaningful ways to engage with others and real-life experiences are as exciting and innovative as ever.
1.2.2 Overview of Breez 91.9 fm Akure
Bays Water Media which is also known as Breeze 91.9fm, was launched in 2014 as a private owned radio station located along Sunday bus-stop, Ijoka road, Akure Ondo state, in Nigeria. Its target audience includes both literate and illiterate people. This radio is very popular in the city of Akure and its environs and has a lot of experience in developing radio program on political, national, coupled with salient issue on the development of the community. Such program includes Reporter’s diary, Ajabaale, Big show etc. The stations coverage reaches Ondo state, Ekiti state, Osun State and Edo state, where over 800,000 listeners flow in but also many more through live web streaming.
The station hit the air waves officially 20th October; 2014, having warmed the heart of the listening public through test transmission for several weeks. It came at the wake of political intolerance in Ondo state, when the existing media outfits before its establishment have been identified to be acting the scripts of their masters leaving the listeners to no other choice than having unbalanced information and news dissemination. The station operates for 16 hours a day from 06:00 hours to 10:00 hours at night.
Breeze FM broadcast is in Yoruba, English language and Pidgin English and two thirds of programming are in English language. Breeze FM is a public interest station combining education, information, news and entertainment. It has a broad development mission to stimulate prosperity in the coverage area by creating access to useful, relevant, and up to date information that will give growth at all level. Apart from providing essential information, the stations program incorporates the how to do approach, providing guidance, offering tips and hints to listeners on different subjects.
Program development is a continuous process and the station uses focus group discussions to get listener feedback on their needs and most importantly how to satisfying their esteem audience.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
studies on broadcast media are not uncommon but specific studies on programme interactivity are scarce and this propelled the researcher to embark on this study.
Second thing this study gears to find out is the programme, is it based on what the audience want? That is the wishes of the people, or better still the content of programme is based on the professional judgement of the producer or anchor person; For example, what the producer thinks should be there. Above all, the question is does interaction between the station or presenter of the programme and its audience sustain the programme?
1.4 Research Question
1. To what extent do Akure residents listen to Ajaabale on Breeze FM?
2. Does the programme, Ajaabale give room for audience participation?
3. How do Akure residents perceive the interactive segment of the programme in terms of quality?
4. What impact has the interactivity had on the programme?
1.5 Objectives of the study
1. To determine at which the residents of Akure listen to Ajaabale on Breeze FM
2. To know if the programme Ajaabale gives room for audience participation
3. To determine how the residents, perceive interactive segment of the programme
4. To determine the impact of interactivity on the programme
1.6 Significance of the study
This study is geared towards identifying the relevance of interactivity between programmes presenter and audience to the sustainability of programme.
Therefore, this study would significantly contribute in telling the audience the effect of interactivity and also to know whether interaction between a station and audience goes a long way in sustaining a programme in the broadcast media; most especially Ajaabale on Breeze FM among others.
1.7 Scope of the study
According to National population census 2006, the city of Akure has a population of 484,798. Due to the large number of akure residents, the researcher will not be able to sample the opinion of all residents in the city. Therefore, the researcher will study available residents in Akure using the techniques of availability sampling method. Also, the researcher will interview some selected programme presenters to know their perception about the topic. The study itself is to get the level of perception of Akure residents about interactivity and this will help the researcher to find out the importance of interactivity and most importantly how it will assist the programme presenter to make his or her programmes more interactive and consequently promote audience patronage and loyalty.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
During the course of the study, the major challenge encountered by the researcher was that many of the respondents were unwilling to provide answers to the questionnaire owning to their busy schedules and also booking interview appointments with journalists that were interviewed for the study. Most of them complained of busy schedule. There were difficulties in getting relevant materials for the research work especially in the area of interactivity. The researcher could not get enough materials that would have helped in carrying out the research work.
1.9 Definition of terms
Interactivity: in a lay man’s language, interactivity is the process of two people or things working together and influencing each other. Furthermore, The Oxford English Dictionary defines "Interactivity" in regards to new media as "allowing a two-way flow of information between it (a computer or other electronic device) and a user, responding to the user's input."
Furthermore, it’s a continuous communication between a station and its audience or between persons whereby messages are related to a number of previous messages and to the relationship between them.
Sustainability: the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. It can also be define as the capacity to endure over a period of time. It creates and maintain the condition under which programming can exist.
Programme: an item broadcast between stated times on radio or television. Sambe (2005) posit that a programme is a message which a broadcasting medium other to the society to justify the reason for its existence-social function. Such a message must be broadcast on radio and television and is creativity and freely crafted not only to satisfy some state but also some influence people or create awareness. In a technical or mechanical perspective, Sambe ibid that; a programme is seen as a unified presentation occupying a distinct period of time with a beginning and an end which may or may not be separated on one or more interval.
Feedback: This is the process in which the effect or output of an action is 'returned' (feed-back) to modify the next action. It's also a special kind of message that gives the sources w clue as to effectiveness of his communication.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
Interactivity is an exchange of ideas where both participants, whether human, machine or art form are active and can have an effect on one another with a dynamic two-way flow of information. Many forms of communication have become interactive with the rise of computers, the Internet, digital and mobile devices and these developments rapidly increased the opportunities for interactive communication across disciplines, mediums, social classes, cultures, locations, and even time.
Interactivity provide cordial relationship between the presenter and the audience of a programme and this help the communication between both to be effective with the aid of either immediate or delayed feedback. Interactivity has become vital tool in sustainability of a programme most especially it gives audience sense of belonging and increase their loyalty. Interactivity is a modern term that encompasses evolving forms of conversation. It is a primary characteristic of the present Information age which include basic dialogue and nonverbal communication, game-books, interactive fiction and storytelling, social media, interactive marketing and public relations. However, interactivity has been the major factor to be considered in broadcast programming to satisfying the audience of the programme. This research work is aim to find out how interactivity sustains broadcast programmes for the sake of its audience satisfaction and the researcher will focus on Ajaabale on breeze 91.9fm Akure.
1.2 Background to the Study
It is a known fact that communication of any sort sustains relationship, interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more people or objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction as opposed to a one-way casual effect. The continuous interaction between two or more people makes it possible for people to get together and be satisfied undoubtedly. No gain saying, if communication is one way, it will be boring and ineffective in arousing the interest of the other party. Thus, feedback is a necessary tool in determine or knowing how message is recurred, either positive or negative. In interpersonal communication; communication between two people, feedback is immediate, Daramola (2005). We can deduce that type of communication or the interaction that takes place between the two persons enable them to be more cohesive. feedback describes the situation when output from an event or phenomenon in the past will influence an occurrence of some events or phenomenon in the present or future.
Broadcast stations that make use of element of listener’s participation usually by broadcasting live conversation between the host and listeners who call in (usually via telephone) to the programme maximize audience interest.
In Nigeria radio started the audience participation when members of the audience are allowed to air their views about a particular issue of public interest, give a suggestion about a particular programme or critic a programme. In the course of interaction between the station and its audience, when feedback is received, (either positive or negative) the presenter, he or she will apply it to his or her own sphere of life, most especially the audience. To find the greatest level of success in an organization or relationship, a person or entity should learn how to accept any kind of feedback, analyze it in the most positive manner possible and use it to further impact future decision making.
In broadcasting media, (radio and television) the principle of interactivity is deep rooted in feedback which may be immediate or delayed depending on the medium. Feedback is immediate when it is in form of a phone-in programme whereby programme presenter hears and replies the audience immediately. This can be said to be an interaction between the stations audiences and the station itself. This action tends to guarantee audience loyalty to the programme and broadcasting station.
The feedback is delayed in the broadcasting media when the programme being broadcast by the station has been concluded; in the sense that, the audience views are received after the completion of the programme. This is done when the programme does not give room for live interaction between the presenter and the audience; but when signing out, the presenter leaves an avenue for members of the audience to send in their comments, either through mails or phone text message.
The interaction takes place between the audience and the station such that it enables the station to know how appreciative the audience are about the station, to do more to sustain the audience and impress the more.
Broadcast station in Nigeria have different programmes that employ the use of phone-in or text messages or both as a means of getting feedback from the audience. Some of the programmes include: BÓSEŃLO, this is an informative programme coupled with discussion between the presenter and guest inside the studio. The programme hit the airwaves every Wednesday by 1900hrs at SPLASH FM 105.5 Ibadan by Ajibola Akinyefa, the presenter. The programme adopted two different ways of interactivity. The first section is the question and answer between the presenter and the guest while the second session is the phone in by the audience of the programme in order to lend their voice either to ask questions or want to be clarified about the any of the response made by the guest during the course of the programme.
Another example is AROBA by Kolawole Ladoke on Splash FM 105.5 Ibadan. Aroba means narration meaning that when a young lad does not know the story, he or she will definitely have met the history. The programme adopts text messages as the method of interactivity between the presenter and its audience. AROBA is a programme that is being designed to give the history of various events in the past like civil war in Nigeria, Kano riot of 1953, struggle for independence, telling the audience about the life history of a fallen hero or heroine for example, Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikwe, Michael Ajasin among others. The presenter does ask question before the end of the programme about the previous edition of the programme so as for the presenter to know the loyalty of the audience to the programme, while the audience are expected to send-in their answers via text messages.
Taking a look at another example is Mojala, a paper review programme on Suncity 101.9 FM Ondo. The name is a Yoruba adage Bi ina ba jo loko, Mojala ni yoo sofofo which literarily translates to a convener of message to a person or groups of people who were not present at the venue of an incident. Mojala can be described as an accurate Reporter of daily happenings as recorded by daily newspapers around the country.
The presentation style is first of its kind in Ondo, Ekiti and its environs (observation of the broadcast stations in these regions for the last five years) as it features three presenters or newscasters reading the news in three different languages, Yoruba, Pidgin and English languages for the message to be well conveyed for both literate, average and illiterate listeners who are left with the option of choosing which language to listen to.
It is a-60- minutes programme between the hour of 6:30 to 7:30am, it is a two segment programme, 6:30 to 7:00am is for rendition by the three casters while the phone line opens from 7 to 7:30am for audience to lend their voice to issue of National interest, most time, such issues or topics are posted online and this serve as opportunity for the Internet users globally to participate and contribute to the topic being discussed.
Ajaabale is the programme of interest in this research work. Ajaabale is a paper review programme, it is the translation of the English Edition tagged Reporters Diary also a paper review programme of Breeze 91.9 FM
Its presentation style is dual in nature and it is designed to conveyed the news better to an average listener to keep them informed. It started as a 30-minute duration programme with different daily newspaper being touched to keep listeners informed.
However, it later became an hour programme with a phone in segment thereby making it audience participatory. The first segment is designed for News reading while the second segment gives room to listeners to call in and participate in National issues that are of interest.
The phone-in style is the first of its kind adopted as paper review style in Ondo state. the idea was conceived by the pioneer General Manager, Mr Jide ogunluyi while the programme runs from 9 to 10 am from Monday to Friday with a different topic for discussion.
Also at Fresh 105.9 FM Ibadan, a similar programme tagged Ajaabale goes on air every day from 8:30am to 10:00am to discuss various issues of national interest, while the presenter gives the audience participation a priority and this makes it to be the first of its kind in the whole Oyo state. For the sake of this study, this research project will focus on Ajaabale on breeze 91.9fm Akure, Ondo state.
1.2.1 Brief History of Interactivity
The word interactivity is a common talk, most often it is mentioned in connection with a revolution in television. Thus, viewers will not only be able to choose from an almost unlimited offer, they will also be able to determine the course and outcome of individual programmes. Proponents of these new opportunities are already praising interactivity as a means to change the passive reception of the viewer into an active one. Thus, it seems as if Bertolt Brecht's Radio Theory which he developed in the late twenties, is now to become reality. Brecht envisioned the transformation of broadcasting from a distribution machine into a communication device that offers listeners the opportunity to help create its content. And actually this development has been actively perused for years by groups such as the Ponton Media Art Lab, by persons such as Myron Krueger, and by the communication structure of the internet.
Interactivity is one of the central concepts of multimedia while cognitive psychologists have shown that all media (indeed, all experiences) are ‘interactive’ in that they demand the active participation of the recipient in processing and interpreting sensory stimuli. The study of this area of interaction also known as human factors, human-computer interface design began with the second generation of commercial computers in the 1960s – room-sized entities known as ‘mainframes’ made up of a collection of components assembled in a space.
During the 20th years when the command-line was still the dominant interface, several individuals were developing very different models of interactivity, laying the foundations for both the graphical user interface and the multi-dimensional interfaces that are likely to be a feature of consumer telemedia and the data superhighway. Probably the single most important contribution was that of Ivan Sutherland, whose revolutionary Sketchpad system effectively mapped out the future of interactive computer graphics.
Adams posit in 20th century that the exception in human cultural history has made the new technologies and the drastic shift to the consumption economy made passive media into mass-media. Audiences turned into listeners and viewers. Interactive forms of entertainment such as theater, concerts, public performances or sports were still there but their reach was limited and actually most people enjoyed them through television and radio. People might scream on front of their TV set, but the shaping presence mentioned by Adams would not be the same. These timeless forms of entertainment will never disappear and will keep being enjoyed by those looking for moments of “shaping” human-interaction. And today, as passive audiences are increasingly dispersed, storytellers are looking for more meaningful ways to engage with others and real-life experiences are as exciting and innovative as ever.
1.2.2 Overview of Breez 91.9 fm Akure
Bays Water Media which is also known as Breeze 91.9fm, was launched in 2014 as a private owned radio station located along Sunday bus-stop, Ijoka road, Akure Ondo state, in Nigeria. Its target audience includes both literate and illiterate people. This radio is very popular in the city of Akure and its environs and has a lot of experience in developing radio program on political, national, coupled with salient issue on the development of the community. Such program includes Reporter’s diary, Ajabaale, Big show etc. The stations coverage reaches Ondo state, Ekiti state, Osun State and Edo state, where over 800,000 listeners flow in but also many more through live web streaming.
The station hit the air waves officially 20th October; 2014, having warmed the heart of the listening public through test transmission for several weeks. It came at the wake of political intolerance in Ondo state, when the existing media outfits before its establishment have been identified to be acting the scripts of their masters leaving the listeners to no other choice than having unbalanced information and news dissemination. The station operates for 16 hours a day from 06:00 hours to 10:00 hours at night.
Breeze FM broadcast is in Yoruba, English language and Pidgin English and two thirds of programming are in English language. Breeze FM is a public interest station combining education, information, news and entertainment. It has a broad development mission to stimulate prosperity in the coverage area by creating access to useful, relevant, and up to date information that will give growth at all level. Apart from providing essential information, the stations program incorporates the how to do approach, providing guidance, offering tips and hints to listeners on different subjects.
Program development is a continuous process and the station uses focus group discussions to get listener feedback on their needs and most importantly how to satisfying their esteem audience.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
studies on broadcast media are not uncommon but specific studies on programme interactivity are scarce and this propelled the researcher to embark on this study.
Second thing this study gears to find out is the programme, is it based on what the audience want? That is the wishes of the people, or better still the content of programme is based on the professional judgement of the producer or anchor person; For example, what the producer thinks should be there. Above all, the question is does interaction between the station or presenter of the programme and its audience sustain the programme?
1.4 Research Question
1. To what extent do Akure residents listen to Ajaabale on Breeze FM?
2. Does the programme, Ajaabale give room for audience participation?
3. How do Akure residents perceive the interactive segment of the programme in terms of quality?
4. What impact has the interactivity had on the programme?
1.5 Objectives of the study
1. To determine at which the residents of Akure listen to Ajaabale on Breeze FM
2. To know if the programme Ajaabale gives room for audience participation
3. To determine how the residents, perceive interactive segment of the programme
4. To determine the impact of interactivity on the programme
1.6 Significance of the study
This study is geared towards identifying the relevance of interactivity between programmes presenter and audience to the sustainability of programme.
Therefore, this study would significantly contribute in telling the audience the effect of interactivity and also to know whether interaction between a station and audience goes a long way in sustaining a programme in the broadcast media; most especially Ajaabale on Breeze FM among others.
1.7 Scope of the study
According to National population census 2006, the city of Akure has a population of 484,798. Due to the large number of akure residents, the researcher will not be able to sample the opinion of all residents in the city. Therefore, the researcher will study available residents in Akure using the techniques of availability sampling method. Also, the researcher will interview some selected programme presenters to know their perception about the topic. The study itself is to get the level of perception of Akure residents about interactivity and this will help the researcher to find out the importance of interactivity and most importantly how it will assist the programme presenter to make his or her programmes more interactive and consequently promote audience patronage and loyalty.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
During the course of the study, the major challenge encountered by the researcher was that many of the respondents were unwilling to provide answers to the questionnaire owning to their busy schedules and also booking interview appointments with journalists that were interviewed for the study. Most of them complained of busy schedule. There were difficulties in getting relevant materials for the research work especially in the area of interactivity. The researcher could not get enough materials that would have helped in carrying out the research work.
1.9 Definition of terms
Interactivity: in a lay man’s language, interactivity is the process of two people or things working together and influencing each other. Furthermore, The Oxford English Dictionary defines "Interactivity" in regards to new media as "allowing a two-way flow of information between it (a computer or other electronic device) and a user, responding to the user's input."
Furthermore, it’s a continuous communication between a station and its audience or between persons whereby messages are related to a number of previous messages and to the relationship between them.
Sustainability: the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. It can also be define as the capacity to endure over a period of time. It creates and maintain the condition under which programming can exist.
Programme: an item broadcast between stated times on radio or television. Sambe (2005) posit that a programme is a message which a broadcasting medium other to the society to justify the reason for its existence-social function. Such a message must be broadcast on radio and television and is creativity and freely crafted not only to satisfy some state but also some influence people or create awareness. In a technical or mechanical perspective, Sambe ibid that; a programme is seen as a unified presentation occupying a distinct period of time with a beginning and an end which may or may not be separated on one or more interval.
Feedback: This is the process in which the effect or output of an action is 'returned' (feed-back) to modify the next action. It's also a special kind of message that gives the sources w clue as to effectiveness of his communication.
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word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and
we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do
not order/buy.
That you ordered this
material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
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