CHAPTER ONE / PROPOSAL
General Introduction to the Study
This research work is a modest attempt to provide information on the history of Ajagbo festival in Irun Akoko, in relation to its socio-political and economic impact on the people of the community. Irun since its creation in the 19th century, has been one of the prominent towns in the North-West of Akoko, regardless of its development, this includes festivals such as; Oge, Ogun, Asole, Umole, Umolebi amongst others and of necessity is the Ajagbo festival.
Origin of Ajagbo Festival
Ajagbo festival is one of the greatest traditional festivals in Irun Akoko. It is a festival that is usually celebrated once in a year around the mid-September to the early October, it precedes the Ogun festival which is celebrated in almost all Yoruba towns and villages. The Ajagbo festival has its origin from Isin-bode, a town in the state of Ekiti, mainly to check social excesses. In other words; it acts as a measure of correcting social ills, to disgrace evil doers and those who are morally bankrupt irrespective of their personality.
Since the Ajagbo festival has a great importance, most especially in the society; indigenes would love to protect their name rather than being disgraced.
For those caught breaching of the tradition, fraud, performing criminal acts, and thefts among others would be openly disgraced. This guides the society in moral up-keeps.
Objectives of the study
The history of cultural heritage is fast becoming a thing of the past in various communities, and festivals like Ajagbo is not excluded. This research work has given a concise and up-to-date history of the origin of Ajagbo festival, organization, celebration as well as the importance to the people of Irun Akoko.
Analysis on the organization of Ajagbo festival in Irun, the account of the origin of Irun Akoko, the socio-political and economic organization of the town, in relation to the impacts of the festival on the people.
Also, emphasis was laid on the socio-cultural development in Irun Akoko through the celebration of the festival, the limitations and consequences of the festival had also been assessed, and could serve as an effective means to salvage the history of Ajagbo festival which is almost going into extinction due to the coming of Europeans and the influence of western civilization via Christianity as well as Islam.
Statement of the Problem
This work was limited in scope due to the non-availability of correct and adequate materials since the work was based and examined mainly on oral traditions, a lot of difficulties were encountered: such as short of memory / memory loss, illiteracy, distortions, short of fund and most few viable people are already or no more in existence.
Scope of study
This research work covered a brief history of the origin of Ajagbo festival, celebration from 19th century by the Obas, Olokotuns, and the chiefs with the entire people of Irun Akoko in celebration of Ajagbo festival. It examines also the importance and short-comings associated with the popular festival
Research Methodology
The materials used for this research work were gotten from both primary and secondary sources.
The primary sources were obtained from oral traditions, direct interviews, with prominent personalities in Irun Akoko with relevant information on the concept of the Ajagbo festival.
The secondary source includes the use of written documents, published and unpublished such as magazines, newspaper, text, journals, brochures, pamphlets, while research projects and thesis remain unpublished. These sources were critically collected, collated, screened, interpreted and checked against existing written accounts so as to produce an ultimate, authentic and a well reconstructive history of Ajagbo festival in Irun Akoko.
Literature Review
Few books have been written on the origin and the celebration of Ajagbo festival, materials relevant to the festival were also limited.
A text written by Biobaku S.O (ed): Source of Yoruba history published in London, 1973. This book traced the genesis of Akoko peoples and her Ekiti neighbouring towns, the geographical location (background) of the Akokos, especially Ogbagi and Irun5.
Samuel Johnsons’ book titled: The History of the Yoruba. The book traced the history of Irun as once a military garrison of Ibadan6.
This text or essay examines the origin, migration and settlement of Irun and Ogabgi Akoko, their relationship and also attempt to study the advent and the aftermath of British community in Akoko, particularly in Irun and Ogbagi. (A history of Ogbagi and Irun and frontier communities between Akoko and Ekiti)7.
Another work by Oguntomisin G.O, studies in Ijebu History and culture discussed traditional festivals and western influence. The birth of various worship, by the Muslims in the 18th century and Christians in the 19th century to the gradual wearing or fade-out of cultures and traditions such as Ajagbo festivals8.
Also a book edited by Ogunremi G.O and Faluyi E.K titled: an Economic History of West Africa discussed the economic activities in the pre-colonial period which has an impact on the people of Irun-Akoko.
Segun Omosile’s, lecture notes on African literature – Indigenous Festivals and Surrogate Accompaniments discussed on various traditional drums and items during festivals, and related items during some specific celebrate and towns with the peculiarities tied to the objectives and special traits of the festival9.
Beeley J.H. Treatise was also useful in this research titled: an Intellgence Report on Akoko/Akoko Intelligence Report. He explained the British administration in Irun community, and the reactions towards the new administration.
J.F. Ajayi’s book titled: Factors in the Evolution of political Culture in Nigeria, was also an important text in this research10. Primitive Culture by Edward Taylor was another useful book in the research.
Another reliable book was The Economic Background of The Ekiti Parapo 1878 – 1893 by Akintoye S.A. villages and towns appeared to have had their sources of origin from Benin, was stated in Akintoye S.A. text titled: The North East Districts and Benin Kingdom11.
It should be however noted that people interviewed were not included in this part. This is to say that those included in this essay are either directly or indirectly relevant to this research.
Background to the Study
Geographical Description of Irun Akoko
Forty small towns comprised Akoko, and these towns are predominantly situated in rocky areas of Ondo state. The rocky terrain nevertheless may have helped the regent to become a melting pot. It became of the few Yoruba clans with no distinctive local dialect of their own. Major settlements include Ikare, Arigidi, Ogbagi, Ipesi, Okeagbe, Ikaram, Akungba, Etioro, Ayegunle, Oyin, Ishe among others, and of course Irun Akoko.
Irun is one of the towns in Akoko North- West local government area in Ondo state with its headquarters in Okeagbe. It is about 10km from Ikare and 70km away from Ado road. Irun is the last community between the present Ekiti state and the Akoko areas of Ondo State i.e. the boarded line.
Also, Irun Akoko is found at the North-Eastern and of the map of Ibadan Empire (1874), while it lies on the longitude 50 East and Latitude 7035 North on the map of the Ondo state.
Presently, the town is surrounded by chain of hills, such as Oluta, Ara, Ologbo, Elui etc. The topography of the area has to some extent influence quarters such as Oyi, Okeolu, which made expansion extremely difficult, for the other quarters.
There are substantial plains with forest dotted with some tall and sturdy Trees which enables farmers to practice successful timbering and farming.
Both the raining and dry season are enjoyed by the people. The former commences from April to October, while the latter lasts from November to March. In the rainy season, it falls to a minimum of 700t and during the Harmattan month or periods, i.e. lapse form December to January and at times early February. The settlements are well watered and contained few rivers and brooks such as Omi Omo and Ajiwese in Irun Akoko.
Irun Akoko comprises of several quarters such as Ijowa, Oyi, Esan, Ilodi, Ijebi, Oke-ase, Ugbolu, Ogo, among other.
The climate condition enhances the growing of Plantain, Yam, Cassava, Cocoa, Kola, Plamoil, (from palm trees) generally palm products and so on.
ENDNOTES
1. Osho Romiluyi, 102yrs, p/84 Abodi Irun Akoko Ondo state, Respondent on The Origin of Ajagbo Festival on 10th august 2011.
2. Yomi Adeyeye, 58yrs, A/52 Ijowa Irun Akoko Ondo State, Respondent on the origin of Ajagbo festival the 15th April 2011.
3. O. Segun: Indigenous festivals and surrogate accompaniments. Segun O’s lecture note on African Literature vol: 1 (Lagos; planet Publishers, 2011)p11.
4. E.O Babalola Phd (ed.): Theology and sociology of Yoruba Indigenous Religion (Ibadan; University press, 1972) p 16.
5. S.O Biobaku (ed.): Sources Of Yoruba History, (London, 1973) p15.
6. S.A Akintoye: Revolution and Power Polities in Yorubaland 1840-1893 (London, 1971) pp 5,13,67,77.
7. S. Johnson: The History of the Yorubas (Lagos, Longman Nigeria Ltd., 1971) pp 15, 34.
8. G.O Oguntomisin (ed.): Yoruba Towns and Cities, volume one (Ibadan, book shelf resources Ltd 2003). P 2, G.O Oguntomisin: Studies in Ijebu History and Culture (Ibadan: Nigeria Publications 2006) pp 26,29.
9. O. Segun: Indigenous Festivals and Surrogate Accompaniments-Segun O’s lecture notes on African Literature (2011)
10. J.F Ajayi “Factors in the Evolution of Political Culture in Nigeria” in J.F Ajayi and B. Ikara (ed.) Evolution of Political Culture in Nigeria (Ibadan University Press. Limited, 1985) pp 11-12
11. S.A Akintoye “The North Eastern Yoruba District and Benin Kingdom” J.H.S.N vol. 4 (June 1967) pp 45, 54
12. A. Oyebode: Ekiti State- The Story of a Determined People (Ado Ekiti; Fountain Newspaper and Publishing Company Ltd., 2001) pp4-14.
13. Jacob Egharevba: A Short History of Benin (Lagso; Muray Printers, 1976) p 50
14. S.A Akintoye “The Economic Background of the Ekiti Parapo 1878-1893” ODU vol. 4 No2 (June, 1968) p 50.
15. A. Oyebode: Ekiti State- The story of a determined people pp4-14.
General Introduction to the Study
This research work is a modest attempt to provide information on the history of Ajagbo festival in Irun Akoko, in relation to its socio-political and economic impact on the people of the community. Irun since its creation in the 19th century, has been one of the prominent towns in the North-West of Akoko, regardless of its development, this includes festivals such as; Oge, Ogun, Asole, Umole, Umolebi amongst others and of necessity is the Ajagbo festival.
Origin of Ajagbo Festival
Ajagbo festival is one of the greatest traditional festivals in Irun Akoko. It is a festival that is usually celebrated once in a year around the mid-September to the early October, it precedes the Ogun festival which is celebrated in almost all Yoruba towns and villages. The Ajagbo festival has its origin from Isin-bode, a town in the state of Ekiti, mainly to check social excesses. In other words; it acts as a measure of correcting social ills, to disgrace evil doers and those who are morally bankrupt irrespective of their personality.
Since the Ajagbo festival has a great importance, most especially in the society; indigenes would love to protect their name rather than being disgraced.
For those caught breaching of the tradition, fraud, performing criminal acts, and thefts among others would be openly disgraced. This guides the society in moral up-keeps.
Objectives of the study
The history of cultural heritage is fast becoming a thing of the past in various communities, and festivals like Ajagbo is not excluded. This research work has given a concise and up-to-date history of the origin of Ajagbo festival, organization, celebration as well as the importance to the people of Irun Akoko.
Analysis on the organization of Ajagbo festival in Irun, the account of the origin of Irun Akoko, the socio-political and economic organization of the town, in relation to the impacts of the festival on the people.
Also, emphasis was laid on the socio-cultural development in Irun Akoko through the celebration of the festival, the limitations and consequences of the festival had also been assessed, and could serve as an effective means to salvage the history of Ajagbo festival which is almost going into extinction due to the coming of Europeans and the influence of western civilization via Christianity as well as Islam.
Statement of the Problem
This work was limited in scope due to the non-availability of correct and adequate materials since the work was based and examined mainly on oral traditions, a lot of difficulties were encountered: such as short of memory / memory loss, illiteracy, distortions, short of fund and most few viable people are already or no more in existence.
Scope of study
This research work covered a brief history of the origin of Ajagbo festival, celebration from 19th century by the Obas, Olokotuns, and the chiefs with the entire people of Irun Akoko in celebration of Ajagbo festival. It examines also the importance and short-comings associated with the popular festival
Research Methodology
The materials used for this research work were gotten from both primary and secondary sources.
The primary sources were obtained from oral traditions, direct interviews, with prominent personalities in Irun Akoko with relevant information on the concept of the Ajagbo festival.
The secondary source includes the use of written documents, published and unpublished such as magazines, newspaper, text, journals, brochures, pamphlets, while research projects and thesis remain unpublished. These sources were critically collected, collated, screened, interpreted and checked against existing written accounts so as to produce an ultimate, authentic and a well reconstructive history of Ajagbo festival in Irun Akoko.
Literature Review
Few books have been written on the origin and the celebration of Ajagbo festival, materials relevant to the festival were also limited.
A text written by Biobaku S.O (ed): Source of Yoruba history published in London, 1973. This book traced the genesis of Akoko peoples and her Ekiti neighbouring towns, the geographical location (background) of the Akokos, especially Ogbagi and Irun5.
Samuel Johnsons’ book titled: The History of the Yoruba. The book traced the history of Irun as once a military garrison of Ibadan6.
This text or essay examines the origin, migration and settlement of Irun and Ogabgi Akoko, their relationship and also attempt to study the advent and the aftermath of British community in Akoko, particularly in Irun and Ogbagi. (A history of Ogbagi and Irun and frontier communities between Akoko and Ekiti)7.
Another work by Oguntomisin G.O, studies in Ijebu History and culture discussed traditional festivals and western influence. The birth of various worship, by the Muslims in the 18th century and Christians in the 19th century to the gradual wearing or fade-out of cultures and traditions such as Ajagbo festivals8.
Also a book edited by Ogunremi G.O and Faluyi E.K titled: an Economic History of West Africa discussed the economic activities in the pre-colonial period which has an impact on the people of Irun-Akoko.
Segun Omosile’s, lecture notes on African literature – Indigenous Festivals and Surrogate Accompaniments discussed on various traditional drums and items during festivals, and related items during some specific celebrate and towns with the peculiarities tied to the objectives and special traits of the festival9.
Beeley J.H. Treatise was also useful in this research titled: an Intellgence Report on Akoko/Akoko Intelligence Report. He explained the British administration in Irun community, and the reactions towards the new administration.
J.F. Ajayi’s book titled: Factors in the Evolution of political Culture in Nigeria, was also an important text in this research10. Primitive Culture by Edward Taylor was another useful book in the research.
Another reliable book was The Economic Background of The Ekiti Parapo 1878 – 1893 by Akintoye S.A. villages and towns appeared to have had their sources of origin from Benin, was stated in Akintoye S.A. text titled: The North East Districts and Benin Kingdom11.
It should be however noted that people interviewed were not included in this part. This is to say that those included in this essay are either directly or indirectly relevant to this research.
Background to the Study
Geographical Description of Irun Akoko
Forty small towns comprised Akoko, and these towns are predominantly situated in rocky areas of Ondo state. The rocky terrain nevertheless may have helped the regent to become a melting pot. It became of the few Yoruba clans with no distinctive local dialect of their own. Major settlements include Ikare, Arigidi, Ogbagi, Ipesi, Okeagbe, Ikaram, Akungba, Etioro, Ayegunle, Oyin, Ishe among others, and of course Irun Akoko.
Irun is one of the towns in Akoko North- West local government area in Ondo state with its headquarters in Okeagbe. It is about 10km from Ikare and 70km away from Ado road. Irun is the last community between the present Ekiti state and the Akoko areas of Ondo State i.e. the boarded line.
Also, Irun Akoko is found at the North-Eastern and of the map of Ibadan Empire (1874), while it lies on the longitude 50 East and Latitude 7035 North on the map of the Ondo state.
Presently, the town is surrounded by chain of hills, such as Oluta, Ara, Ologbo, Elui etc. The topography of the area has to some extent influence quarters such as Oyi, Okeolu, which made expansion extremely difficult, for the other quarters.
There are substantial plains with forest dotted with some tall and sturdy Trees which enables farmers to practice successful timbering and farming.
Both the raining and dry season are enjoyed by the people. The former commences from April to October, while the latter lasts from November to March. In the rainy season, it falls to a minimum of 700t and during the Harmattan month or periods, i.e. lapse form December to January and at times early February. The settlements are well watered and contained few rivers and brooks such as Omi Omo and Ajiwese in Irun Akoko.
Irun Akoko comprises of several quarters such as Ijowa, Oyi, Esan, Ilodi, Ijebi, Oke-ase, Ugbolu, Ogo, among other.
The climate condition enhances the growing of Plantain, Yam, Cassava, Cocoa, Kola, Plamoil, (from palm trees) generally palm products and so on.
ENDNOTES
1. Osho Romiluyi, 102yrs, p/84 Abodi Irun Akoko Ondo state, Respondent on The Origin of Ajagbo Festival on 10th august 2011.
2. Yomi Adeyeye, 58yrs, A/52 Ijowa Irun Akoko Ondo State, Respondent on the origin of Ajagbo festival the 15th April 2011.
3. O. Segun: Indigenous festivals and surrogate accompaniments. Segun O’s lecture note on African Literature vol: 1 (Lagos; planet Publishers, 2011)p11.
4. E.O Babalola Phd (ed.): Theology and sociology of Yoruba Indigenous Religion (Ibadan; University press, 1972) p 16.
5. S.O Biobaku (ed.): Sources Of Yoruba History, (London, 1973) p15.
6. S.A Akintoye: Revolution and Power Polities in Yorubaland 1840-1893 (London, 1971) pp 5,13,67,77.
7. S. Johnson: The History of the Yorubas (Lagos, Longman Nigeria Ltd., 1971) pp 15, 34.
8. G.O Oguntomisin (ed.): Yoruba Towns and Cities, volume one (Ibadan, book shelf resources Ltd 2003). P 2, G.O Oguntomisin: Studies in Ijebu History and Culture (Ibadan: Nigeria Publications 2006) pp 26,29.
9. O. Segun: Indigenous Festivals and Surrogate Accompaniments-Segun O’s lecture notes on African Literature (2011)
10. J.F Ajayi “Factors in the Evolution of Political Culture in Nigeria” in J.F Ajayi and B. Ikara (ed.) Evolution of Political Culture in Nigeria (Ibadan University Press. Limited, 1985) pp 11-12
11. S.A Akintoye “The North Eastern Yoruba District and Benin Kingdom” J.H.S.N vol. 4 (June 1967) pp 45, 54
12. A. Oyebode: Ekiti State- The Story of a Determined People (Ado Ekiti; Fountain Newspaper and Publishing Company Ltd., 2001) pp4-14.
13. Jacob Egharevba: A Short History of Benin (Lagso; Muray Printers, 1976) p 50
14. S.A Akintoye “The Economic Background of the Ekiti Parapo 1878-1893” ODU vol. 4 No2 (June, 1968) p 50.
15. A. Oyebode: Ekiti State- The story of a determined people pp4-14.
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