A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR IN UNITY AND OTHER GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ONDO STATE
CHAPTER ONE
Background to the Study
Sometimes ago, there was an unprecedented expansion in the education industries especially in Ondo State specifically during the Second Republic. There was an unprecedented increase in the number of Schools and Colleges in the state during the said period. Many primary school teachers left their school to the secondary schools due to the increased number of Students in the Secondary Schools. This development propelled the State Government to set-up more teachers’ Colleges to supplement the existing ones which made the Colleges to rise to about eleven in numbers in the then Ondo State including the present Ekiti State. However, the Colleges were closed down and have been replaced with modern and developed institutions such as the National Certificate in Education awarding institutions and Universities. Whereas, most of the government owned Teachers’ Training Colleges were also converted to Unity Secondary Schools.
Unity Secondary Schools were considered better off by all standards compared with the other existing Secondary Schools in the state immediately the took off. Academically, they performed wonderfully in schools and inter – College debates. For instance, in examination that is Senior Secondary School Certificates Examination (S.S.S.C.E) in July / August 1991, the poorest of the Unity Secondary School had about Seventy percent (70%) passes while three quarter (3/4) out of about four hundred (400) other public Schools in Ondo State had a woeful and disheartened results of twenty percent (20%) passes. More also, it became evident that the Unity Secondary Schools maintained greater discipline than other public secondary schools.
In this vein, it had been generally conceived that the excellent performance of these Unity Schools are incidental to the excellent leadership pattern in these schools. These had motivated many parents especially the elites to send their children and wards to these few unity schools scattered in distant places across the state where exorbitant fees are paid with high transportation cost, to and fro coupled with the risks of road accident rather than the other public schools with little or no significant fees, even some of which are at the door steps of these parents.
Leadership has been considered one of the most important variables that can contribute to the success of any organization as being stipulated by Bass (1990). In their own view, Conger and Kanungo (1981), Leadership is the functional behavior of a leader in relationship with subordinate to facilitate accomplishment of the group goals to corroborate this view Adesina (1981) opines that leadership is the extent to which the leader is able to enlist group support, co-operation and confidence to ensure that the overall goals of the system, organization or institutions are achieved. Moreover, it is note-worthy from the view-points of these Scholars that a leadership style in organization usually has a far reaching effect on the performance and productivity of the organization.
A researcher, Ariwajoye, (1995) who carried out a similar study concluded that the leadership style difference between the two groups of secondary schools account for the remarkable difference in the performance of their students and consequently, their output. He argued further that the result of the poorly performed S.S.S.C.E students in other secondary schools in Ondo State and their teacher were consequently presented as innocent victims of leadership circumstances, while the appreciable performance of the Unity school students and their Teachers were portrayed as mere opportunities of favourable leadership styles.
The argument however is that, the only way to agree with the notion that the excellent performance of the unity schools are incidental to excellent leadership pattern and to conclude that leadership can result into a colossal difference and remarkable success according to Ariwajoye, (1995) is to conduct this independent study, such that the outcome will either confirm or challenge his study.
Statement of the Problem
Inspite of the efforts of the Nigerian Government to improve the quality of education, the quality of output (student’s academic performance) is still relatively low in other government secondary schools apart from unity and some Federal Secondary Schools. The difference in the performance of the Unity Schools and other Government Secondary Schools especially in Ondo State is seemed to be the effect of their leadership style. Hence, this study examines the differences in leadership bebaviour in Unity and other Government Secondary Schools in Ondo State.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to:-
1. Find out the difference between leadership behavior in Unity and Public Secondary Schools in Ondo State.
2. Investigate extent to which leadership behavior exhibited by Principals in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools affect students’ academic achievement.
3. Determine the extent to which leadership behavior displayed by Principals in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools affect Teachers’ moral.
4. Determine the difference in democratic and autocratic leaderships’ goals achievement in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools.
Research Questions
The following research questions were raised to guide the study.
1. Is there any differences between leadership behavior in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools in Ondo State?
2. Does the leadership behavior exhibited by Principals in Unity and other Secondary Schools affect student’s academic achievements?
3. Does the leadership behavior displayed by Principals in Unity and other Secondary Schools affect Teachers’ morale?
4. Do Principals who display democratic leadership style achieve their goals than autocratic leaders in Unity and other Secondary Schools in Ondo State?
Significance of the Study
This research could help to throw more light on the falling standard of education in the Public Secondary Schools in Ondo State, if the study found that the performance of students depends on the leadership behavior in the school system. This could in providing an ample and unique opportunity to identify the most relevant leadership styles that should be recommended to the educational system in the state.
The results could in no small way assist in clarifying the effect of leadership pattern of the principals in our Secondary Schools and student’s academic performance and how these influence the tone of discipline of students and staff alike.
This research could also unfold the significance of leadership behavior of the Principals on the attainment of the schools goal, since leadership, according to Andert Dlatt and Alexakis (2011) is seen as guiding the efforts of subordinate towards the attainment of organizational objectives.
Delimitation of the Study
This research work was delimited to the Principals in Public Secondary Schools including Unity Schools in Ondo State.
Operational Definition of Terms
Leadership: Leadership as used in this study means the ability and power possessed by an individual to lead and direct others to accomplish a goal.
Public Secondary Schools: These are the schools owned and financed by the Ondo State Government.
Behaviour: Behaviour in this study means the style or pattern adopted by the Principal of a school in making others to work in order to achieve educational goals and objectives.
Sometimes ago, there was an unprecedented expansion in the education industries especially in Ondo State specifically during the Second Republic. There was an unprecedented increase in the number of Schools and Colleges in the state during the said period. Many primary school teachers left their school to the secondary schools due to the increased number of Students in the Secondary Schools. This development propelled the State Government to set-up more teachers’ Colleges to supplement the existing ones which made the Colleges to rise to about eleven in numbers in the then Ondo State including the present Ekiti State. However, the Colleges were closed down and have been replaced with modern and developed institutions such as the National Certificate in Education awarding institutions and Universities. Whereas, most of the government owned Teachers’ Training Colleges were also converted to Unity Secondary Schools.
Unity Secondary Schools were considered better off by all standards compared with the other existing Secondary Schools in the state immediately the took off. Academically, they performed wonderfully in schools and inter – College debates. For instance, in examination that is Senior Secondary School Certificates Examination (S.S.S.C.E) in July / August 1991, the poorest of the Unity Secondary School had about Seventy percent (70%) passes while three quarter (3/4) out of about four hundred (400) other public Schools in Ondo State had a woeful and disheartened results of twenty percent (20%) passes. More also, it became evident that the Unity Secondary Schools maintained greater discipline than other public secondary schools.
In this vein, it had been generally conceived that the excellent performance of these Unity Schools are incidental to the excellent leadership pattern in these schools. These had motivated many parents especially the elites to send their children and wards to these few unity schools scattered in distant places across the state where exorbitant fees are paid with high transportation cost, to and fro coupled with the risks of road accident rather than the other public schools with little or no significant fees, even some of which are at the door steps of these parents.
Leadership has been considered one of the most important variables that can contribute to the success of any organization as being stipulated by Bass (1990). In their own view, Conger and Kanungo (1981), Leadership is the functional behavior of a leader in relationship with subordinate to facilitate accomplishment of the group goals to corroborate this view Adesina (1981) opines that leadership is the extent to which the leader is able to enlist group support, co-operation and confidence to ensure that the overall goals of the system, organization or institutions are achieved. Moreover, it is note-worthy from the view-points of these Scholars that a leadership style in organization usually has a far reaching effect on the performance and productivity of the organization.
A researcher, Ariwajoye, (1995) who carried out a similar study concluded that the leadership style difference between the two groups of secondary schools account for the remarkable difference in the performance of their students and consequently, their output. He argued further that the result of the poorly performed S.S.S.C.E students in other secondary schools in Ondo State and their teacher were consequently presented as innocent victims of leadership circumstances, while the appreciable performance of the Unity school students and their Teachers were portrayed as mere opportunities of favourable leadership styles.
The argument however is that, the only way to agree with the notion that the excellent performance of the unity schools are incidental to excellent leadership pattern and to conclude that leadership can result into a colossal difference and remarkable success according to Ariwajoye, (1995) is to conduct this independent study, such that the outcome will either confirm or challenge his study.
Statement of the Problem
Inspite of the efforts of the Nigerian Government to improve the quality of education, the quality of output (student’s academic performance) is still relatively low in other government secondary schools apart from unity and some Federal Secondary Schools. The difference in the performance of the Unity Schools and other Government Secondary Schools especially in Ondo State is seemed to be the effect of their leadership style. Hence, this study examines the differences in leadership bebaviour in Unity and other Government Secondary Schools in Ondo State.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to:-
1. Find out the difference between leadership behavior in Unity and Public Secondary Schools in Ondo State.
2. Investigate extent to which leadership behavior exhibited by Principals in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools affect students’ academic achievement.
3. Determine the extent to which leadership behavior displayed by Principals in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools affect Teachers’ moral.
4. Determine the difference in democratic and autocratic leaderships’ goals achievement in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools.
Research Questions
The following research questions were raised to guide the study.
1. Is there any differences between leadership behavior in Unity and other Public Secondary Schools in Ondo State?
2. Does the leadership behavior exhibited by Principals in Unity and other Secondary Schools affect student’s academic achievements?
3. Does the leadership behavior displayed by Principals in Unity and other Secondary Schools affect Teachers’ morale?
4. Do Principals who display democratic leadership style achieve their goals than autocratic leaders in Unity and other Secondary Schools in Ondo State?
Significance of the Study
This research could help to throw more light on the falling standard of education in the Public Secondary Schools in Ondo State, if the study found that the performance of students depends on the leadership behavior in the school system. This could in providing an ample and unique opportunity to identify the most relevant leadership styles that should be recommended to the educational system in the state.
The results could in no small way assist in clarifying the effect of leadership pattern of the principals in our Secondary Schools and student’s academic performance and how these influence the tone of discipline of students and staff alike.
This research could also unfold the significance of leadership behavior of the Principals on the attainment of the schools goal, since leadership, according to Andert Dlatt and Alexakis (2011) is seen as guiding the efforts of subordinate towards the attainment of organizational objectives.
Delimitation of the Study
This research work was delimited to the Principals in Public Secondary Schools including Unity Schools in Ondo State.
Operational Definition of Terms
Leadership: Leadership as used in this study means the ability and power possessed by an individual to lead and direct others to accomplish a goal.
Public Secondary Schools: These are the schools owned and financed by the Ondo State Government.
Behaviour: Behaviour in this study means the style or pattern adopted by the Principal of a school in making others to work in order to achieve educational goals and objectives.
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